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D. Miguel I (English: ''Michael I''; 26 October 1802 – 14 November 1866), "the Absolutist" ((ポルトガル語:"o Absolutista")) or "the Traditionalist" ((ポルトガル語:"o Tradicionalista")), was the King of Portugal between 1828 and 1834, the seventh child and third son of King João VI (John VI) and his queen, Carlota Joaquina of Spain. Following his exile as a result of his actions in the Abrilada, Miguel returned to Portugal as regent to his niece Queen Maria II of Portugal, and potential royal consort. As regent, he claimed the Portuguese throne in his own right, since according to the so-called Fundamental Laws of the Kingdom his older brother Pedro IV and therefore the latter's daughter had lost their rights from the moment that Pedro had made war on Portugal and become the sovereign of a foreign state (Brazilian Empire). This led to a difficult political situation, during which many people were killed, imprisoned, persecuted or sent into exile, and which culminated in the Portuguese Liberal Wars between authoritarian absolutists and progressive constitutionalists. In the end Miguel was forced from the throne and lived the last 32 years of his life in exile. ==Early life== Miguel Maria do Patrocinio de Bragança e Bourbon, the third (second surviving) son of King João VI and Carlota Joaquina, was born in the Queluz Royal Palace, Lisbon. Some sources have suggested that Miguel I could be the illegitimate son from an adulterous affair between his mother, Queen Charlotte, and one of her alleged lovers, possibly D. Pedro José Joaquim Vito de Meneses Coutinho, Marquis of Marialva.〔Neill MacAulay, Dom Pedro: The Struggle for Liberty in Brazil and Portugal, 1798-1834 (1986), p. 54〕 Apparently sources close to King João VI confirmed as much by asserting that he had not had sexual relations with his wife for two and a half years prior to Miguel's birth〔Luiz Edmundo (1939), p.239〕 (a period when his parents carried out a ''conjugal war'', during which they were involved in permanent conspiracies, and only encountered each other in rare official circumstances). But despite the gossip, Miguel was always considered to be a son of the king, by the king, by his mother, by the rest of the family, by the court, and by the church. The "illegitimate child" theories may have had their origins in the writings of pro-liberal propagandists or royalists who wanted to denigrate the queen and undermine the claims of Miguel and of his descendants to the Portuguese throne. What is clear is that Miguel was the queen's favourite child. After the death of her firstborn, it was Miguel who received most of her attention, rather than Pedro, who was closer to his father,〔Neill Macaulay (1986), p.9〕〔Marcus Cheke (1969), p.22〕 In 1807, at the age of 5, Miguel accompanied the Portuguese Royal Family on their transfer to Brazil in order to escape from the first Napoleonic invasion of Portugal;〔 he returned in 1821 with João VI and his mother, while his brother Peter remained behind as regent of Brazil. Miguel was a mischievous child, sometimes seen in the miniature uniform of a general.〔Marcus Cheke (1969), p.41〕 At sixteen he was seen galloping around Mata-Carvalos, knocking off the hats of passers-by with his riding crop. He spent most of his time with a rowdy band of half-caste or Indian farm-hands.〔Marcus Cheke (1969), p.40-41〕 In general, Miguel was spoiled by the queen and her royal household, and clearly influenced by the base tendencies of others. The Duke of Palmela described him as: :"a good man when among good men, and when among the bad worse than they."〔Marcus Cheke (1969), p.120〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Miguel I of Portugal」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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